Oregon Route 2 - Revision history

Jonathan: Additional information regarding the condition and construction of Canyon Road

2024-01-27T10:35:25Z

Additional information regarding the condition and construction of Canyon Road

Jonathan: Added 1926 Vista Bridge photo, moved 1930 Vista Bridge photo

2024-01-23T02:23:36Z

Added 1926 Vista Bridge photo, moved 1930 Vista Bridge photo

Jonathan: Updated date the highway became Sunset Highway

2022-09-24T07:41:06Z

Updated date the highway became Sunset Highway

Jonathan: Updated state route links to go to correct pages

2022-09-24T06:38:16Z

Updated state route links to go to correct pages

Jonathan: Additional information on the three proposed short roads to the sea

2021-04-17T19:50:20Z

Additional information on the three proposed short roads to the sea

Jonathan: Added information about selecting the original short route, 1930-31

2021-04-14T21:26:18Z

Added information about selecting the original short route, 1930-31

Jonathan: Rearranged wording

2021-03-19T00:23:42Z

Rearranged wording

Jonathan at 21:02, 18 March 2021

2021-03-18T21:02:28Z

Jonathan: Added under construction template

2021-03-12T04:21:42Z

Added under construction template

Jonathan: Initial creation of OR-2 page (pre-history only)

2021-03-11T17:53:11Z

Initial creation of OR-2 page (pre-history only)

New page

{{Routebox|type=OR|number=2|shield_variant=1948|name=Oregon Route 2|highway=Wolf Creek Highway #47 (1932-1946)|addl_highways=Timber Road (1939-1941) Gales Creek Road (1939-1941) Tualatin Valley Highway #29 (1940-1948) Nehalem Highway #102 (1941-1948) Sunset Highway #47 (1948-1951)|map=OR_2-map.jpg|maintained_by=Oregon State Highway Department|length=≈3.77|created=June 22, 1932|removed=October 21, 1951|start_terminus_dir=West|start_terminus={{Jct|type=US|number=101|shield_variant=1948|page=US Route 101|route=US-101}} in Cannon Beach Junction|junctions={{Jct|type=OR|number=53|shield_variant=1948|page=OR Route 53|route=OR-53}} in Necanicum Junction {{Jct|type=OR|number=47|shield_variant=1948|page=OR Route 47|route=OR-47}} in Staleys Junction {{Jct|type=OR|number=47|shield_variant=1948|page=OR Route 47|route=OR-47}} in Davies Junction {{Jct|type=OR|number=6|shield_variant=1948|page=OR Route 6|route=OR-6}}/{{Jct|type=OR|number=8|shield_variant=1948|page=OR Route 8|route=OR-8}} in Sylvan|end_terminus_dir=East|end_terminus={{Jct|type=US|number=99W|shield_variant=1948|page=US Route 99W|route=US-99W}} in Portland|prev_route={{Jct|type=US|number=730|page=US Route 730|route=OR-730}}|next_route={{Jct|type=OR|number=3|page=Oregon Route 3|route=OR-3|align=right}}}}
'''Oregon Route 2''' was one of the original primary state routes when the system debuted on June 22, 1932. Originally assigned along a nebulous corridor of a "short route to the sea" from Portland, it was routed along the [[Sunset Highway #47|Wolf Creek (now Sunset) Highway #47]]. Because most of the chosen routing required new construction between Necanicum Junction and Sylvan, OR-2 likely wasn't first signed until 1939 when it was opened to traffic between Necanicum Junction and Sunset Camp, with a temporary routing to Forest Grove along county roads. After a westward extension to Cannon Beach Junction and delays in construction due to World War II, the full route of the Sunset Highway wasn't opened to Sylvan until 1948. [[US Route 26|US-26]] was extended along the entirety of OR-2 in October 1951, eliminating the designation.

==History==
===Prior to OR-2 Designation===

While most of OR-2 was constructed along a new alignment, parts were designated along roads that existed prior to 1932.

====Portland to Sylvan====

In 1848, Portland tannery owner Daniel H. Lownsdale received permission to survey a road from Portland westward through the Tualatin Mountains (now known as the West Hills) along the Tanner Creek Canyon through what is now Sylvan, Beaverton and Hillsboro to Lafayette<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad">Wayne, Tyler. [https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/great_plank_road/ "Great Plank Road,"] Oregon Encyclopedia, last updated 29 August 2019, last accessed 27 February 2021</ref>. This road would open in 1849, providing a much-needed connection between the fertile Tualatin Valley farmlands and the growing city of Portland<ref name="oreg_1884-07-13">''The Sunday Oregonian.'' "The Immigration of 1844," 13 July 1884, p. 1</ref>. Unfortunately, the route soon became impassable due to mud. In response, Lownsdale petitioned the Oregon territorial government to construct a tolled wooden plank road, called the ''Great Plank Road'', to replace it; his charter for the Portland & Valley Plank Road Company was approved in August 1851<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />. The first planks were laid at Portland's western plat line, close to the present day Portland South Park Blocks along SW Jefferson Street, on September 27 that same year<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />.

The road's construction was mired in financial mismanagement in subsequent years<ref name="beav_history">City of Beaverton. [https://www.beavertonoregon.gov/95/History "History,"] last accessed 27 February 2021</ref> and the territorial government chartered a new company, Portland and Tualatin Plains Plank Road Company, in February 1856 to take over and complete the road<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />. Nevertheless, the road -- renamed ''Canyon Road'' by this point -- was completed to Beaverton by 1860, costing between $1 and $5 to use depending on the weight of the cargo<ref name="olive_2015-08-21">Tims, Dana. [https://www.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/2015/08/post_62.html "Beaverton Road Project Unearths Oregon History,"] OregonLive, 21 August 2015, last accessed 27 February 2021</ref>. However, wooden plank roads deteriorated rapidly in Oregon's cold wet climate, and by 1867 there were already calls to macadamize the increasingly impassable road<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />. Despite calls by ''The Oregonian'' in 1872 to supplant plank roads like Canyon Road with railroads<ref name="oreg_1872-02-27">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Plank Roads," 27 February 1872, p. 1</ref>, a new road appears to have been surveyed by late March of that year and constructed soon after<ref name="oreg_1872-04-01">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Washington Co. Plank Road," 1 April 1872, p. 3</ref>. In 1885, the Oregon House of the Legislative Assembly passed a bill providing $1,000 in funding to maintain Canyon Road over a two-year period<ref name="orhouse_journal_1885_p144">''Journal of the House of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,'' 1885, p. 144</ref><ref name="oreg_1885-01-29">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "The Legislature," 29 January 1885, pp. 2 & 4</ref>.

In 1897, Canyon Road was mentioned as a bicycling route in the Oregon Division of the Legion of American Wheelmen's ''Road Book of Oregon''<ref name="oreg_1897-02-11">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roadbook of Oregon," 11 February 1897, p. 8</ref>. It was paved by 1921.

[[File:Multco-image-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A bus heads east towards Portland on the newly paved Canyon Road, 1930.]]
At the March 21, 1921 meeting of the Oregon State Highway Commission, Canyon Road between Beaverton and Portland was designated as part of the '''[[Tualatin Valley Highway #29]]'''<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 21 March 1921, pp. 908-909</ref>. The request was made by Lewis A. McArthur, the Secretary of the Oregon State Geographic Board at the time.<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909" />. While the state took over the entirety of Canyon Road between Beaverton and the county line, Multnomah County retained jurisdiction over their portion; this was due to a provision in the 1917 highway program wherein Multnomah County would fund the construction and maintenance of any state highway that passed through it<ref name="oreg_1931-10-14">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roads Lead From As Well As To," 14 October 1931, p. 8</ref>. The state wouldn't take over the Portland-Sylvan part of Canyon Road until January 16, 1931<ref name="oshc_1931-01-16_2886">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 16 January 1931, p. 2886</ref>, readopting it on May 18, 1937<ref name="oshc_1937-05-18_7354-7355">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 18 May 1937, pp. 7354-7355</ref>.

Between 1926 and 1930, Multnomah County reconstructed much of its section Canyon Road from Sylvan to Portland<ref name="multco_archive_canyonrd">Multnomah County. [https://archives.multco.us/repositories/3/archival_objects/1364 "Canyon Road (SW) construction, 1926-1930,"] last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>.

====Elsie to near Sunset Rest Area====

This segment closely follows the path of the partially-built Salem-Astoria Military Road. Attempts by Oregon's provisional and territorial governments to build such a road between Salem and Astoria via the Tualatin Valley failed in 1843 and 1848 respectively<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad">Wayne, Tyler. [https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/salem_astoria_military_road/ "Great Plank Road,"] Oregon Encyclopedia, last updated 29 August 2019, last accessed 27 February 2021</ref>. Settlers eventually persuaded the US Congress to send the US Army Corps of Topographical Engineers to survey and construct the road<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />. In July 1855, the survey team, conducted by Lt. George Derby and his team of 10 men and 6 pack animals, began their general survey from Astoria towards Salem; a more detailed survey was performed on the return trip to Astoria the next month<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />.

Behind schedule by 8 months, construction of the Salem-Astoria Military Road began in 1856<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />. Funding also became an issue, with costs exceeding the initial $30,000 allocated to the project and intermittent funding causing stoppages<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />. Furthermore, Lt. Derby was unable to find laborers who would build the road for $60 per month (or just over $2,000 in 2021 dollars) due to a gold discovery along the Colville River in present-day Washington state<ref name="orquarter_1907_8_195">Prosch, Thomas W. "Notes from a Government Document on Oregon Conditions in the Fifties," Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. VIII, Willis S. Duniway (Salem, OR), 1907, p. 195</ref>. Nonetheless, almost 53 miles of the road opened by 1858; the Astoria side made it to the Nehalem River near Elsie, and the Salem side made it to Timber<ref name="orquarter_1907_8_195" /><ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />.

The outbreak of the Civil War eliminated funding for the military road, which was now the responsibility of the individual counties to complete<ref name="orhist_salemastoriaroad" />. These counties never did end up completing the road to its 16-foot width standard, though a pack trail connected the two ends<ref name="orparks_langille_3-4">Langille, W. A. "Saddle Mountain State Park", Oregon State Parks Department, 28 Aug 1947, pp. 3-4</ref>. While the road became an important mail route in later years, wagons weren't able to traverse the route until 1895, and it certainly couldn't handle the horseless carriages and cars that followed in subsequent decades<ref name="orparks_langille_3-4" />.

====Cannon Beach Junction to Necanicum Junction====

By 1895, a road existed between what is now Cannon Beach Junction and the Necanicum River about 4 miles to the east, as part of a longer coastal road from Astoria to the Clatsop/Tillamook county line and beyond. This original road appears to diverge south of modern-day US-26 near the Black Bridge over the Necanicum River, and is now known as the Necanicum Mainline.

Sometime in the 1910s, the unimproved 1895 road was extended eastward across the Necanicum River to what is now Necanicum Junction, where it also turned south towards the county line. The entire coastal road from Astoria to the county line, including this segment, was designated as part of [[Oregon Coast Highway #9|Coast Highway #3]] on November 27, 1917 by the Oregon State Highway Commission<ref name="oshc_1917-11-27_337">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 27 November 1917, p. 337</ref>. The name of the highway was changed to the Roosevelt Coast Military Highway by 1919<ref name="orlaw_1919_ch345">General Laws of Oregon, 1919, Chapter 345</ref>; it later was referred to as the Roosevelt Coast Highway, Roosevelt Highway and Coast Highway until it was officially changed by law to the Oregon Coast Highway on February 27, 1931<ref name="orlaw_1931_ch90">General Laws of Oregon, 1931, Chapter 90</ref>. Also, at some point between 1918 and 1920, its highway number changed from #3 to #9, the current number of the Oregon Coast Highway.

On November 11, 1926, this section of road, along with the rest of the Coast Highway in Oregon, was designated '''[[US Route 101|US-101]]''' by the American Association of State Highway Officials<ref name="aasho_1926">Weingroff, Richard F. [https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/numbers.cfm "From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the US Numbered Highway System,"] ''Highway History'', Federal Highway Administration, last updated 27 June 2017, last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>.

===Planning and Constructing the Wolf Creek Highway===

'''Note:''' ''This section is under construction.''

* Seaside, 1870s-1880s

Plans for a short road between Portland and the coastal communities of Seaside and Cannon Beach were proposed by highway enthusiast Sam Reed to the Portland Chamber of Commerce as far back as the mid-1900s.

==References==

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 The road's construction was mired in financial mismanagement in subsequent years<ref name="beav_history">City of Beaverton. [https://www.beavertonoregon.gov/95/History "History,"] last accessed 27 February 2021</ref> and the territorial government chartered a new company, Portland and Tualatin Plains Plank Road Company, in February 1856 to take over and complete the road<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />. Nevertheless, the road -- renamed ''Canyon Road'' by this point -- was completed to Beaverton by 1860, costing between $1 and $5 to use depending on the weight of the cargo<ref name="olive_2015-08-21">Tims, Dana. [https://www.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/2015/08/post_62.html "Beaverton Road Project Unearths Oregon History,"] OregonLive, 21 August 2015, last accessed 27 February 2021</ref>. However, wooden plank roads deteriorated rapidly in Oregon's cold wet climate, and by 1867 there were already calls to macadamize the increasingly impassable road<ref name="orhist_greatplankroad" />. Despite calls by ''The Oregonian'' in 1872 to supplant plank roads like Canyon Road with railroads<ref name="oreg_1872-02-27">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Plank Roads," 27 February 1872, p. 1</ref>, a new road appears to have been surveyed by late March of that year and constructed soon after<ref name="oreg_1872-04-01">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Washington Co. Plank Road," 1 April 1872, p. 3</ref>. In 1885, the Oregon House of the Legislative Assembly passed a bill providing $1,000 in funding to maintain Canyon Road over a two-year period<ref name="orhouse_journal_1885_p144">''Journal of the House of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,'' 1885, p. 144</ref><ref name="oreg_1885-01-29">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "The Legislature," 29 January 1885, pp. 2 & 4</ref>.
-In 1897, Canyon Road was mentioned as a bicycling route in the Oregon Division of the Legion of American Wheelmen's ''Road Book of Oregon''<ref name="oreg_1897-02-11">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roadbook of Oregon," 11 February 1897, p. 8</ref>. It was paved to some degree by 1921.
+In 1897, Canyon Road was mentioned as a bicycling route in the Oregon Division of the Legion of American Wheelmen's ''Road Book of Oregon''<ref name="oreg_1897-02-11">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roadbook of Oregon," 11 February 1897, p. 8</ref>. However, by 1902 conditions on the road had deteriorated again, necessitating a resurfacing of crushed rock<ref name="orjour_1902-08-04">''The Oregon Daily Journal.'' "The Story of the Poor Farm," 4 August 1902, p. 8</ref>; this was done by convict labor in 1904<ref name="orjour_1904-10-25">''The Oregon Daily Journal.'' "Town Topics," 25 October 1904, p. 5</ref>. Amidst calls to pave additional roads in Multnomah County, plans began in 1907 to macadamize Canyon Road with the assistance of a rock crusher<ref name="orjour_1907-03-10">''The Oregon Sunday Journal.'' "Badly In Need of Pavements," 10 March 1907, p. 60</ref><ref name="orjour_1907-08-29">''The Oregon Daily Journal.'' "Macadam Roads Will Center in Portland," 29 August 1907, p. 18</ref>.<!-- @here 1/27/24 --> It was paved to some degree by 1921.
 [[File:1926-02-24_-_PWA_-_A2009-009.2184_-_SW_Jefferson_St_looking_west_to_Vista_Bridge.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Looking westward on SW Jefferson St. towards the under-construction Vista Bridge, 1926.]]
 At the March 21, 1921 meeting of the OSHC, Canyon Road between Beaverton and Portland was designated as part of the '''[[Tualatin Valley Highway #29]]'''<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 21 March 1921, pp. 908-909</ref>. The request was made by Lewis A. McArthur, the Secretary of the Oregon State Geographic Board at the time.<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909" />. While the state took over the entirety of Canyon Road between Beaverton and the county line, Multnomah County retained jurisdiction over their portion; this was due to a provision in the 1917 highway program wherein Multnomah County would fund the construction and maintenance of any state highway that passed through it<ref name="oreg_1931-10-14">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roads Lead From As Well As To," 14 October 1931, p. 8</ref>. The state wouldn't take over the Portland-Sylvan part of Canyon Road until January 16, 1931<ref name="oshc_1931-01-16_2886">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 16 January 1931, p. 2886</ref>, readopting it on May 18, 1937<ref name="oshc_1937-05-18_7354-7355">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 18 May 1937, pp. 7354-7355</ref>.
-Multnomah County reconstructed much of its section Canyon Road between 1926 and 1930<ref name="multco_archive_canyonrd">Multnomah County. [https://archives.multco.us/repositories/3/archival_objects/1364 "Canyon Road (SW) construction, 1926-1930,"] last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>. Winding through the canyon west of Portland to Sylvan, ''The Oregonian'' called it "the finest piece of highway in the state" at the time<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28">Miller, Edward M., ''The Sunday Oregonian''. "Visitors Are Amazed and Delighted by Oregon Highways", 28 December 1930, p. 4</ref>. The state paved and relocated its portion of Canyon Road from Beaverton to Sylvan in concert with Multnomah County<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />.
+Multnomah County realigned and reconstructed much of its section Canyon Road between 1926 and 1930<ref name="multco_archive_canyonrd">Multnomah County. [https://archives.multco.us/repositories/3/archival_objects/1364 "Canyon Road (SW) construction, 1926-1930,"] last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>. Winding through the canyon west of Portland to Sylvan, ''The Oregonian'' called it "the finest piece of highway in the state" at the time<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28">Miller, Edward M., ''The Sunday Oregonian''. "Visitors Are Amazed and Delighted by Oregon Highways", 28 December 1930, p. 4</ref>. The state paved and relocated its portion of Canyon Road from Beaverton to Sylvan in concert with Multnomah County<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />.
 ====Elsie to near Sunset Rest Area====

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 In 1897, Canyon Road was mentioned as a bicycling route in the Oregon Division of the Legion of American Wheelmen's ''Road Book of Oregon''<ref name="oreg_1897-02-11">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roadbook of Oregon," 11 February 1897, p. 8</ref>. It was paved to some degree by 1921.
-[[File:Multco-image-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A bus heads east towards Portland on the newly paved Canyon Road, 1930.]]
+[[File:1926-02-24_-_PWA_-_A2009-009.2184_-_SW_Jefferson_St_looking_west_to_Vista_Bridge.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Looking westward on SW Jefferson St. towards the under-construction Vista Bridge, 1926.]]
 At the March 21, 1921 meeting of the OSHC, Canyon Road between Beaverton and Portland was designated as part of the '''[[Tualatin Valley Highway #29]]'''<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 21 March 1921, pp. 908-909</ref>. The request was made by Lewis A. McArthur, the Secretary of the Oregon State Geographic Board at the time.<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909" />. While the state took over the entirety of Canyon Road between Beaverton and the county line, Multnomah County retained jurisdiction over their portion; this was due to a provision in the 1917 highway program wherein Multnomah County would fund the construction and maintenance of any state highway that passed through it<ref name="oreg_1931-10-14">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roads Lead From As Well As To," 14 October 1931, p. 8</ref>. The state wouldn't take over the Portland-Sylvan part of Canyon Road until January 16, 1931<ref name="oshc_1931-01-16_2886">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 16 January 1931, p. 2886</ref>, readopting it on May 18, 1937<ref name="oshc_1937-05-18_7354-7355">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 18 May 1937, pp. 7354-7355</ref>.
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 {{UnderConstruction|part=section}}
 In the 1870s and 1880s, resorts and towns started springing up along the northern Oregon coast catering to vacationing Portlanders arriving in Astoria by ferry. To keep up with the influx, a railroad between Astoria and Seaside was opened in 1889<ref name="gearhart_history">City of Gearhart. [https://www.cityofgearhart.com/general/page/history "History"], last accessed 12 March 2021</ref>. The region was further connected by the opening of a rail line between Astoria and Portland in 1898<ref name="pnwc-nrhs_history">The Pacific Northwest Chapter, National Railway Historical Society. [http://www.pnwc-nrhs.org/hs_astoria_columbia.html "Astoria And Columbia River Railroad: History"], 2009, last accessed 12 March 2021</ref> and the Lower Columbia River Highway between Seaside and Portland via Astoria in 1916<ref name="oreg_1916-06-29">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Seaside Is Festive in Honor of Road," 30 June 1916, p. 9</ref>. While these developments were instrumental in bringing the travel time between Portland and Astoria down to about 5 hours, other Clatsop County coastal communities and Portland businessmen sought a faster, more direct connection between the two regions<ref name="oreg_1916-07-23">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Road to Astoria Is Fair," 23 July 1916, p. 8</ref>.
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 The survey results were originally expected in the summer of 1931, but were completed and presented to State Highway Engineer Roy A. Klein by mid-January, far ahead of schedule<ref name="oreg_1931-01-17" />. Six routings were surveyed, studied and ranked according to several factors, including construction cost<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4">Miller, Edward M. "Highway Engineers Find Three Routes to Coast Feasible," ''The Sunday Oregonian'', 25 January 1931, p. 4</ref>:
 {| class="wikitable"

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−	{{Routebox\|type=OR\|number=2\|shield_variant=1948\|name=Oregon Route 2\|highway=Wolf Creek Highway #47 (1932-1946)\|addl_highways=Timber Road (1939-1941)<br />Gales Creek Road (1939-1941)<br />Tualatin Valley Highway #29 (1940-1948)<br />Nehalem Highway #102 (1941-1948)<br />Sunset Highway #47 (~~1948~~-1951)\|map=OR_2-map.jpg\|maintained_by=Oregon State Highway Department\|length=≈3.77\|created=June 22, 1932\|removed=October 21, 1951\|start_terminus_dir=West\|start_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=101\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 101\|route=US-101}} in Cannon Beach Junction\|junctions={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=53\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 53\|route=OR-53}} in Necanicum Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Staleys Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Davies Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=6\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 6\|route=OR-6}}/{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=8\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 8\|route=OR-8}} in Sylvan\|end_terminus_dir=East\|end_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=99W\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 99W\|route=US-99W}} in Portland\|prev_route={{Jct\|type=US\|number=730\|page=US Route 730\|route=OR-730}}\|next_route={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=3\|page=Oregon Route 3\|route=OR-3\|align=right}}}}	+	{{Routebox\|type=OR\|number=2\|shield_variant=1948\|name=Oregon Route 2\|highway=Wolf Creek Highway #47 (1932-1946)\|addl_highways=Timber Road (1939-1941)<br />Gales Creek Road (1939-1941)<br />Tualatin Valley Highway #29 (1940-1948)<br />Nehalem Highway #102 (1941-1948)<br />Sunset Highway #47 (1946-1951)\|map=OR_2-map.jpg\|maintained_by=Oregon State Highway Department\|length=≈3.77\|created=June 22, 1932\|removed=October 21, 1951\|start_terminus_dir=West\|start_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=101\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 101\|route=US-101}} in Cannon Beach Junction\|junctions={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=53\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 53\|route=OR-53}} in Necanicum Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Staleys Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Davies Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=6\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 6\|route=OR-6}}/{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=8\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 8\|route=OR-8}} in Sylvan\|end_terminus_dir=East\|end_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=99W\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 99W\|route=US-99W}} in Portland\|prev_route={{Jct\|type=US\|number=730\|page=US Route 730\|route=OR-730}}\|next_route={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=3\|page=Oregon Route 3\|route=OR-3\|align=right}}}}
	'''Oregon Route 2''' was one of the original primary state routes when the system debuted on June 22, 1932. Originally assigned along a nebulous corridor of a "short route to the sea" from Portland, it was routed along the [[Sunset Highway #47\|Wolf Creek (now Sunset) Highway #47]]. Because most of the chosen routing required new construction between Necanicum Junction and Sylvan, OR-2 likely wasn't first signed until 1939 when it was opened to traffic between Necanicum Junction and Sunset Camp, with a temporary routing to Forest Grove along county roads. After a westward extension to Cannon Beach Junction and delays in construction due to World War II, the full route of the Sunset Highway wasn't opened to Sylvan until 1948. [[US Route 26\|US-26]] was extended along the entirety of OR-2 in October 1951, eliminating the designation.		'''Oregon Route 2''' was one of the original primary state routes when the system debuted on June 22, 1932. Originally assigned along a nebulous corridor of a "short route to the sea" from Portland, it was routed along the [[Sunset Highway #47\|Wolf Creek (now Sunset) Highway #47]]. Because most of the chosen routing required new construction between Necanicum Junction and Sylvan, OR-2 likely wasn't first signed until 1939 when it was opened to traffic between Necanicum Junction and Sunset Camp, with a temporary routing to Forest Grove along county roads. After a westward extension to Cannon Beach Junction and delays in construction due to World War II, the full route of the Sunset Highway wasn't opened to Sylvan until 1948. [[US Route 26\|US-26]] was extended along the entirety of OR-2 in October 1951, eliminating the designation.

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−	{{Routebox\|type=OR\|number=2\|shield_variant=1948\|name=Oregon Route 2\|highway=Wolf Creek Highway #47 (1932-1946)\|addl_highways=Timber Road (1939-1941)<br />Gales Creek Road (1939-1941)<br />Tualatin Valley Highway #29 (1940-1948)<br />Nehalem Highway #102 (1941-1948)<br />Sunset Highway #47 (1948-1951)\|map=OR_2-map.jpg\|maintained_by=Oregon State Highway Department\|length=≈3.77\|created=June 22, 1932\|removed=October 21, 1951\|start_terminus_dir=West\|start_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=101\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 101\|route=US-101}} in Cannon Beach Junction\|junctions={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=53\|shield_variant=1948\|page=OR Route 53\|route=OR-53}} in Necanicum Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=OR Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Staleys Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=OR Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Davies Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=6\|shield_variant=1948\|page=OR Route 6\|route=OR-6}}/{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=8\|shield_variant=1948\|page=OR Route 8\|route=OR-8}} in Sylvan\|end_terminus_dir=East\|end_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=99W\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 99W\|route=US-99W}} in Portland\|prev_route={{Jct\|type=US\|number=730\|page=US Route 730\|route=OR-730}}\|next_route={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=3\|page=Oregon Route 3\|route=OR-3\|align=right}}}}	+	{{Routebox\|type=OR\|number=2\|shield_variant=1948\|name=Oregon Route 2\|highway=Wolf Creek Highway #47 (1932-1946)\|addl_highways=Timber Road (1939-1941)<br />Gales Creek Road (1939-1941)<br />Tualatin Valley Highway #29 (1940-1948)<br />Nehalem Highway #102 (1941-1948)<br />Sunset Highway #47 (1948-1951)\|map=OR_2-map.jpg\|maintained_by=Oregon State Highway Department\|length=≈3.77\|created=June 22, 1932\|removed=October 21, 1951\|start_terminus_dir=West\|start_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=101\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 101\|route=US-101}} in Cannon Beach Junction\|junctions={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=53\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 53\|route=OR-53}} in Necanicum Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Staleys Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=47\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 47\|route=OR-47}} in Davies Junction<br />{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=6\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 6\|route=OR-6}}/{{Jct\|type=OR\|number=8\|shield_variant=1948\|page=Oregon Route 8\|route=OR-8}} in Sylvan\|end_terminus_dir=East\|end_terminus={{Jct\|type=US\|number=99W\|shield_variant=1948\|page=US Route 99W\|route=US-99W}} in Portland\|prev_route={{Jct\|type=US\|number=730\|page=US Route 730\|route=OR-730}}\|next_route={{Jct\|type=OR\|number=3\|page=Oregon Route 3\|route=OR-3\|align=right}}}}
	'''Oregon Route 2''' was one of the original primary state routes when the system debuted on June 22, 1932. Originally assigned along a nebulous corridor of a "short route to the sea" from Portland, it was routed along the [[Sunset Highway #47\|Wolf Creek (now Sunset) Highway #47]]. Because most of the chosen routing required new construction between Necanicum Junction and Sylvan, OR-2 likely wasn't first signed until 1939 when it was opened to traffic between Necanicum Junction and Sunset Camp, with a temporary routing to Forest Grove along county roads. After a westward extension to Cannon Beach Junction and delays in construction due to World War II, the full route of the Sunset Highway wasn't opened to Sylvan until 1948. [[US Route 26\|US-26]] was extended along the entirety of OR-2 in October 1951, eliminating the designation.		'''Oregon Route 2''' was one of the original primary state routes when the system debuted on June 22, 1932. Originally assigned along a nebulous corridor of a "short route to the sea" from Portland, it was routed along the [[Sunset Highway #47\|Wolf Creek (now Sunset) Highway #47]]. Because most of the chosen routing required new construction between Necanicum Junction and Sylvan, OR-2 likely wasn't first signed until 1939 when it was opened to traffic between Necanicum Junction and Sunset Camp, with a temporary routing to Forest Grove along county roads. After a westward extension to Cannon Beach Junction and delays in construction due to World War II, the full route of the Sunset Highway wasn't opened to Sylvan until 1948. [[US Route 26\|US-26]] was extended along the entirety of OR-2 in October 1951, eliminating the designation.

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 In the mid-1900s, highway enthusiast Samuel Reed proposed a plan for a short road between Portland and the Seaside/Cannon Beach region to the Portland Chamber of Commerce<ref name="blakely_2014_17-18">Blakely, Joe R. ''Building Oregon's Coast Highway 1936-1966: Straightening Curves and Uncorking Bottlenecks'', 2014, pp. 17-18</ref>. However, it wasn't until the 1920s that the public started clamoring for such a road, with numerous routes suggested and advocated for by residents along each route's path<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />. With support for the road growing even as the Great Depression hit, the OSHC initiated a study of the road in August 1930<ref name="oshc_1930-08-28_2790">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 28 August 1930, p. 2790</ref><ref name="oreg_1931-01-17">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Lakeview-Burns Highway Assured," 17 January 1931, pp. 1-2</ref>. Though the routing and the western terminus was under investigation, it was widely expected that the eastern terminus would be in Sylvan at a junction with Canyon Road<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />. In addition to extensive ground reconnaissance, the OSHD utilized aerial photography for the first time to survey possible routes for the short road to the sea<ref name="oreg_1931-01-17" />.
-The survey results were originally expected in the summer of 1931, but were completed by mid-January ahead of schedule<ref name="oreg_1931-01-17" />. Six routings were surveyed, studied and ranked according to several factors, including construction cost<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25">Miller, Edward M. "Highway Engineers Find Three Routes to Coast Feasible," ''The Sunday Oregonian'', 25 January 1931, p. 4</ref>:
+The survey results were originally expected in the summer of 1931, but were completed and presented to State Highway Engineer Roy A. Klein by mid-January, far ahead of schedule<ref name="oreg_1931-01-17" />. Six routings were surveyed, studied and ranked according to several factors, including construction cost<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4">Miller, Edward M. "Highway Engineers Find Three Routes to Coast Feasible," ''The Sunday Oregonian'', 25 January 1931, p. 4</ref>:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! Rank !! Name !! Routing !! Est. Cost<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25" />
+! Rank !! Name !! Routing !! Est. Cost<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4" />
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;" | 1 || style="width: 150px;" | Ridge Route || From Glenwood, it would have followed modern-day OR-6 to about Storey Burn Road, then would have traveled north and west around Larch Mountain towards Blue Lake, following Cook Creek and the Nehalem River to Mohler || style="text-align: right;" | $2,510,002
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 |}
-Also included in the report were proposals for several connecting links between the above routings and Portland. A few of them were eventually constructed with some modifications, including OR-47 from Banks to Vernonia (opened c. 1936), the eastern portion of the Sunset Highway (opened 1948), and the southern Forest Grove Bypass (opened 1974).
+Also included in the report were proposals for several connecting links between the above routings and Portland which would bypass cities like Hillsboro, Beaverton and Forest Grove to allow drivers to travel at higher speeds<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4" />. A few of them were eventually constructed with some modifications, including OR-47 from Banks to Vernonia (opened c. 1936), US-26 from Manning to Portland (opened 1948), and the southern Forest Grove Bypass (opened 1974).
 [[File:2020-05-09 ridge-route-8548.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Storey Burn Road looking west towards Larch Mountain, roughly along the path of the proposed Ridge Route of the Short Road to the Sea.]]
-Of the original six routes investigated, the state highway engineers found that the ''Ridge Route'', ''Wilson River Route'' and ''Vernonia-Hamlet Route'' best met the OSHD's engineering requirements<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25" />. Each route's western terminus targeted a different part of the northern coast: The Vernonia-Hamlet Route for Clatsop County resorts, the Ridge Route for northern Tillamook County lumber and fishing interests, and the Wilson River Route for central Tillamook County farms — all deemed feasible termini for a highway in the report<ref name="oreg_1931-01-21">Miller, Edward M. "Ridge Route Road to Ocean Backed," ''The Morning Oregonian'', 20 January 1931, pp. 1 & 6</ref>. While the engineers preferred the Ridge Route over the other two, it had some disadvantages. It was the longest of the three, and it passed along the ridgeline at a height of 3,200 feet, about 1,500 feet higher than the other two; this would increase potential maintenance costs for inclement weather and the time the road would be affected by such conditions<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25" />.
+Of the original six routes investigated, the state highway engineers found that the ''Ridge Route'', ''Wilson River Route'' and ''Vernonia-Hamlet Route'' best met the OSHD's engineering requirements<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4" />. Each route's western terminus targeted a different part of the northern coast: The Vernonia-Hamlet Route for Clatsop County resorts, the Ridge Route for northern Tillamook County lumber and fishing interests, and the Wilson River Route for central Tillamook County farms — all deemed feasible termini for a highway in the report<ref name="oreg_1931-01-20">Miller, Edward M. "Ridge Route Road to Ocean Backed," ''The Morning Oregonian'', 20 January 1931, pp. 1 & 6</ref>. While the engineers preferred the Ridge Route over the other two, it had some disadvantages. It was the longest of the three, and it passed along the ridgeline at a height of 3,200 feet, about 1,500 feet higher than the other two; this would increase potential maintenance costs for inclement weather and the length of time the road would be affected by such conditions<ref name="oreg_1931-01-25_p4" />.
 ==References==

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 [[File:Multco-image-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A bus heads east towards Portland on the newly paved Canyon Road, 1930.]]
-At the March 21, 1921 meeting of the Oregon State Highway Commission, Canyon Road between Beaverton and Portland was designated as part of the '''[[Tualatin Valley Highway #29]]'''<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 21 March 1921, pp. 908-909</ref>. The request was made by Lewis A. McArthur, the Secretary of the Oregon State Geographic Board at the time.<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909" />. While the state took over the entirety of Canyon Road between Beaverton and the county line, Multnomah County retained jurisdiction over their portion; this was due to a provision in the 1917 highway program wherein Multnomah County would fund the construction and maintenance of any state highway that passed through it<ref name="oreg_1931-10-14">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roads Lead From As Well As To," 14 October 1931, p. 8</ref>. The state wouldn't take over the Portland-Sylvan part of Canyon Road until January 16, 1931<ref name="oshc_1931-01-16_2886">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 16 January 1931, p. 2886</ref>, readopting it on May 18, 1937<ref name="oshc_1937-05-18_7354-7355">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 18 May 1937, pp. 7354-7355</ref>.
+At the March 21, 1921 meeting of the OSHC, Canyon Road between Beaverton and Portland was designated as part of the '''[[Tualatin Valley Highway #29]]'''<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 21 March 1921, pp. 908-909</ref>. The request was made by Lewis A. McArthur, the Secretary of the Oregon State Geographic Board at the time.<ref name="oshc_1921-03-21_908-909" />. While the state took over the entirety of Canyon Road between Beaverton and the county line, Multnomah County retained jurisdiction over their portion; this was due to a provision in the 1917 highway program wherein Multnomah County would fund the construction and maintenance of any state highway that passed through it<ref name="oreg_1931-10-14">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Roads Lead From As Well As To," 14 October 1931, p. 8</ref>. The state wouldn't take over the Portland-Sylvan part of Canyon Road until January 16, 1931<ref name="oshc_1931-01-16_2886">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 16 January 1931, p. 2886</ref>, readopting it on May 18, 1937<ref name="oshc_1937-05-18_7354-7355">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 18 May 1937, pp. 7354-7355</ref>.
 Multnomah County reconstructed much of its section Canyon Road between 1926 and 1930<ref name="multco_archive_canyonrd">Multnomah County. [https://archives.multco.us/repositories/3/archival_objects/1364 "Canyon Road (SW) construction, 1926-1930,"] last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>. Winding through the canyon west of Portland to Sylvan, ''The Oregonian'' called it "the finest piece of highway in the state" at the time<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28">Miller, Edward M., ''The Sunday Oregonian''. "Visitors Are Amazed and Delighted by Oregon Highways", 28 December 1930, p. 4</ref>. The state paved and relocated its portion of Canyon Road from Beaverton to Sylvan in concert with Multnomah County<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />.
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 By 1895, a road existed between what is now Cannon Beach Junction and the Necanicum River about 4 miles to the east, as part of a longer coastal road from Astoria to the Clatsop/Tillamook county line and beyond. This original road appears to diverge south of modern-day US-26 near the Black Bridge over the Necanicum River, and is now known as the Necanicum Mainline.
-Sometime in the 1910s, the unimproved 1895 road was extended eastward across the Necanicum River to what is now Necanicum Junction, where it also turned south towards the county line. The entire coastal road from Astoria to the county line, including this segment, was designated as part of [[Oregon Coast Highway #9|Coast Highway #3]] on November 27, 1917 by the Oregon State Highway Commission<ref name="oshc_1917-11-27_337">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 27 November 1917, p. 337</ref>. The name of the highway was changed to the Roosevelt Coast Military Highway by 1919<ref name="orlaw_1919_ch345">General Laws of Oregon, 1919, Chapter 345</ref>; it later was referred to as the Roosevelt Coast Highway, Roosevelt Highway and Coast Highway until it was officially changed by law to the Oregon Coast Highway on February 27, 1931<ref name="orlaw_1931_ch90">General Laws of Oregon, 1931, Chapter 90</ref>. Also, at some point between 1918 and 1920, its highway number changed from #3 to #9, the current number of the Oregon Coast Highway.
+Sometime in the 1910s, the unimproved 1895 road was extended eastward across the Necanicum River to what is now Necanicum Junction, where it also turned south towards the county line. The entire coastal road from Astoria to the county line, including this segment, was designated as part of [[Oregon Coast Highway #9|Coast Highway #3]] on November 27, 1917 by the OSHC<ref name="oshc_1917-11-27_337">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 27 November 1917, p. 337</ref>. The name of the highway was changed to the Roosevelt Coast Military Highway by 1919<ref name="orlaw_1919_ch345">General Laws of Oregon, 1919, Chapter 345</ref>; it later was referred to as the Roosevelt Coast Highway, Roosevelt Highway and Coast Highway until it was officially changed by law to the Oregon Coast Highway on February 27, 1931<ref name="orlaw_1931_ch90">General Laws of Oregon, 1931, Chapter 90</ref>. Also, at some point between 1918 and 1920, its highway number changed from #3 to #9, the current number of the Oregon Coast Highway.
 On November 11, 1926, this section of road, along with the rest of the Coast Highway in Oregon, was designated '''[[US Route 101|US-101]]''' by the American Association of State Highway Officials<ref name="aasho_1926">Weingroff, Richard F. [https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/numbers.cfm "From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the US Numbered Highway System,"] ''Highway History'', Federal Highway Administration, last updated 27 June 2017, last accessed 28 February 2021</ref>.
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 In the 1870s and 1880s, resorts and towns started springing up along the northern Oregon coast catering to vacationing Portlanders arriving in Astoria by ferry. To keep up with the influx, a railroad between Astoria and Seaside was opened in 1889<ref name="gearhart_history">City of Gearhart. [https://www.cityofgearhart.com/general/page/history "History"], last accessed 12 March 2021</ref>. The region was further connected by the opening of a rail line between Astoria and Portland in 1898<ref name="pnwc-nrhs_history">The Pacific Northwest Chapter, National Railway Historical Society. [http://www.pnwc-nrhs.org/hs_astoria_columbia.html "Astoria And Columbia River Railroad: History"], 2009, last accessed 12 March 2021</ref> and the Lower Columbia River Highway between Seaside and Portland via Astoria in 1916<ref name="oreg_1916-06-29">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Seaside Is Festive in Honor of Road," 30 June 1916, p. 9</ref>. While these developments were instrumental in bringing the travel time between Portland and Astoria down to about 5 hours, other Clatsop County coastal communities and Portland businessmen sought a faster, more direct connection between the two regions<ref name="oreg_1916-07-23">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Road to Astoria Is Fair," 23 July 1916, p. 8</ref>.
-While plans for a short road between Portland and the coastal communities of Seaside and Cannon Beach were proposed to the Portland Chamber of Commerce in the mid-1900s by highway enthusiast Samuel Reed, a study wasn't initiated by the State Highway Commission until 1930<ref name="blakely_2014_17-18">Blakely, Joe R. ''Building Oregon's Coast Highway 1936-1966: Straightening Curves and Uncorking Bottlenecks'', 2014, pp. 17-18</ref><ref name="oshc_1930-08-28_2790">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 28 August 1930, p. 2790</ref>.
+In the mid-1900s, highway enthusiast Samuel Reed proposed a plan for a short road between Portland and the Seaside/Cannon Beach region to the Portland Chamber of Commerce<ref name="blakely_2014_17-18">Blakely, Joe R. ''Building Oregon's Coast Highway 1936-1966: Straightening Curves and Uncorking Bottlenecks'', 2014, pp. 17-18</ref>. However, it wasn't until the 1920s that the public started clamoring for such a road, with numerous routes suggested and advocated for by residents along each route's path<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />. With support for the road growing even as the Great Depression hit, the OSHC initiated a study of the road in August 1930<ref name="oshc_1930-08-28_2790">Oregon State Highway Commission minutes, 28 August 1930, p. 2790</ref><ref name="oreg_1931-01-17">''The Morning Oregonian.'' "Lakeview-Burns Highway Assured," 17 January 1931, pp. 1-2</ref>. Though the routing and the western terminus was under investigation, it was widely expected that the eastern terminus would be in Sylvan at a junction with Canyon Road<ref name="oreg_1930-12-28" />. In addition to extensive ground reconnaissance, the OSHD utilized aerial photography for the first time to survey possible routes for the short road to the sea<ref name="oreg_1931-01-17" />.
 ==References==

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 ===Planning and Constructing the Wolf Creek Highway===
-'''Note:''' ''This section is under construction.''
+{{UnderConstruction|part=section}}
 * Seaside, 1870s-1880s